Sanhedrin: Difference between revisions
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==Origins of the Sanhedrin== | ==Origins of the Sanhedrin== | ||
The Great Sanhedrin in Jerusalem was composed of 70 members, a tradition traced back to the appointment of 70 elders by [[Moses]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+11%3A16-24&version=NIV |title=Numbers 11:16–24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>[https://www.blueletterbible.org/faq/don_stewart/don_stewart_1313.cfm. What Was the Sanhedrin?], ''Blue Letter Bible''</ref> While local assemblies of elders existed in earlier times to handle disputes and guide communities,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+19%3A7-20&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 19:7–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> a fully-fledged institution resembling the Sanhedrin did not emerge until later. After the [[Babylonian Captivity|Babylonian exile]], [[ | The Great Sanhedrin in Jerusalem was composed of 70 members, a tradition traced back to the appointment of 70 elders by [[Moses]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+11%3A16-24&version=NIV |title=Numbers 11:16–24 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>[https://www.blueletterbible.org/faq/don_stewart/don_stewart_1313.cfm. What Was the Sanhedrin?], ''Blue Letter Bible''</ref> While local assemblies of elders existed in earlier times to handle disputes and guide communities,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+19%3A7-20&version=NIV |title=2 Chronicles 19:7–20 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> a fully-fledged institution resembling the Sanhedrin did not emerge until later. After the [[Babylonian Captivity|Babylonian exile]], [[Ezra (Bible)|Ezra]], the scribe and priest, along with [[Nehemiah]], gathered governors and elders to form a governing body for guiding the people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra+10%3A7-8&version=NIV |title=Ezra 10:7–8 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> This body is believed to have evolved into the Sanhedrin during the period between the Old Testament and New Testament. After the prophet [[Book of Malachi|Malachi]], no prophet who directly proclaimed [[God]]’s word appeared for about 400 years until [[Jesus Christ]] preached the [[gospel]]. During this time, the Jewish people relied on the Sanhedrin to make decisions on their affairs. | ||
==Composition== | ==Composition== | ||
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:The high priest was originally a lifetime position, and its direct [https://www.lsd.law/define/lineal-descendant lineal descendants] succeeded it. The Roman Empire, which ruled Judea, prohibited the succession of titles and directly involved in the [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/appointment appointment] and dismissal of the high priest to curb their power. This led to situations where multiple high priests, including both active and former ones, coexisted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3%3A2&version=NIV |title=Luke 3:2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> During the trial of Jesus, the acting high priest was Caiaphas, but Roman soldiers and Jewish officials first brought Jesus to Annas, a former high priest. Annas is the one who served as the high priest from AD 6 to 15. After his retirement, he appointed his son-in-law Caiaphas as high priest, and supervised the Jerusalem Sanhedrin from behind the scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+18%3A12-14&version=NIV |title=John 18:12–14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | :The high priest was originally a lifetime position, and its direct [https://www.lsd.law/define/lineal-descendant lineal descendants] succeeded it. The Roman Empire, which ruled Judea, prohibited the succession of titles and directly involved in the [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/appointment appointment] and dismissal of the high priest to curb their power. This led to situations where multiple high priests, including both active and former ones, coexisted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3%3A2&version=NIV |title=Luke 3:2 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> During the trial of Jesus, the acting high priest was Caiaphas, but Roman soldiers and Jewish officials first brought Jesus to Annas, a former high priest. Annas is the one who served as the high priest from AD 6 to 15. After his retirement, he appointed his son-in-law Caiaphas as high priest, and supervised the Jerusalem Sanhedrin from behind the scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+18%3A12-14&version=NIV |title=John 18:12–14 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
*'''General Members''' | *'''General Members''' | ||
: Originally, the Sanhedrin consisted of [[The Sadducees|Sadducees]] and priestly nobles, but gradually the [[ | : Originally, the Sanhedrin consisted of [[The Sadducees|Sadducees]] and priestly nobles, but gradually the [[Scribes in the Bible|scribes]] and the [[The Pharisees|Pharisees]] were included. The Jerusalem Sanhedrin included the high priests, [[Elder|elders]], and teachers of the law, and most of them were the Pharisees or the Sadducees.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+15%3A1&version=NIV |title=Mark 15:1 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22%3A66&version=NIV |title=Luke 22:66 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="행5:17">{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5%3A17-18&version=NIV |title=Acts 5:17–18 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5%3A21&version=NIV |title=Acts 5:21|publisher= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+23%3A6&version=NIV |title=Acts 23:6 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> Joseph of Arimathea, who placed Jesus in the tomb, was also a member of the Sanhedrin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+15%3A43&version=NIV |title=Mark 15:43 |publisher= |quote= }}</ref> | ||
==Functions of the Sanhedrin== | ==Functions of the Sanhedrin== | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Synagogue]] | *[[The Synagogue]] | ||
*[[Church]] | *[[Church]] | ||
*[[The Sadducees|Sadducees]] | *[[The Sadducees|Sadducees]] | ||
*[[The Pharisees]] | *[[The Pharisees]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Scribes in the Bible]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||